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1.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 118: e220212, 2023. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1440668

ABSTRACT

Here is our proposal to improve learning in biomedical sciences for graduate and undergraduate courses with a broad vision integrating disciplines such as molecular cell biology, biochemistry, and biophysics around concepts of pathogen interaction within vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Our paradigm is based on the possibility offered by the pandemic to have remote activities that give access to students and researchers from different places in Brazil and Latin American countries to discuss science. A multidisciplinary view of host-pathogen interaction allows us to understand better the mechanisms involved in the pathology of diseases, as well as to formulate broad strategies for the diagnosis, treatment, and control of thereof. The approach to integrating heterogeneous groups in science involves the critical analysis of national scientific resource distribution, where only some have the possibilities to conduct competitive scientific research. Solid theoretical training, contact, collaboration with groups of excellence, and training within a multidisciplinary network are our proposals for a permanent platform of scientific strengthening and dissemination for Latin America. Here we will review the concept of host-pathogen interaction, the type of institutions where it is taught and researched, new trends in active teaching methodologies, and the current political context in science.

2.
Rev. bras. ciênc. vet ; 29(1): 64-66, jan./mar. 2022. il.
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1395514

ABSTRACT

Trypanosoma vivax is considered the most important pathogenic Trypanosoma for cattle and causes great damage to the dairy and beef cattle industries. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of anti-T. vivax antibodies in dairy cattle from the municipality of Tapira, located in the Alto Paranaíba region, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The 74 blood serum samples from dairy cattle were analyzed using an indirect immunofluorescence reaction. The seroprevalence was 82.4 % (61/74), and the highest incidence observed can be correlated with the transit of untested animals, the presence of vectors, and needle sharing by owners. The data allowed defining Tapira as an area of expansion of T. vivax epizootic infections in the state of Minas Gerais.


O Trypanosoma vivax é considerado o mais importante trypanosoma patogênico para bovinos e causa grandes prejuízos na pecuária de corte e leite. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência anticorpos de anti-Trypanosoma vivax em bovinos leiteiros do município de Tapira, localizado na região do Alto Paranaíba, Minas Gerais, Brasil. As 74 amostras de soro sanguíneo de bovinos leiteiros foram analisadas por meio de reação de imunofluorescência indireta. A soroprevalência foi de 82,4% (61/74), que pode estar relacionada ao trânsito de animais não testados, presença de vetores e compartilhamento de agulhas pelos proprietários. Os dados permitiram definir Tapira como uma área de expansão das infecções epizoóticas por Trypanosoma vivax no estado de Minas Gerais.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Trypanosomiasis, Bovine/diagnosis , Cattle Diseases/immunology , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Trypanosoma vivax , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect/veterinary , Antibodies/analysis
3.
J. Bras. Patol. Med. Lab. (Online) ; 56: e1712020, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1134620

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the major causative agents of sexually transmitted infections (STI) in men and women, but the greatest impact of infection occurs in the reproductive system of women, causing, among other problems, infertility. Objective: To estimate the incidence of C. trachomatis detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique in endocervical samples from women in Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Methods: A descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted from May to November 2017. Endocervical cell samples were collected from 126 women that receive medical assistance at three primary healthcare units and one gynecology clinic in the city. The samples of endocervical material were evaluated for the diagnosis of C. trachomatis by the PCR technique. Prior to sample collection, a Cancer Information System (SISCAN) standard questionnaire was answered by the participants. Fisher's exact test and chi-square test were used to evaluate the association between infection and the variables of the questionnaire. Results: From the 126 endocervical samples analyzed, 39.7% were positive for C. trachomatis. The average age of the participants was 31.7 years old. From the 118 women who did not show changes in the cervix, 43 were positive for C. trachomatis, which reinforces the asymptomatic character of the infection. There was no significant association between endocervical infection by C. trachomatis and age, use of contraceptive pill, time of last pap test and signs of STI. Conclusion: The incidence of C. trachomatis infection in the endocervical samples from these women can be considered high, which emphasizes the importance of measures designed to clarify and prevent this important STI.


RESUMEN Introducción: Chlamydia trachomatis es uno de los principales agentes causantes de infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) en hombres y mujeres, pero el mayor impacto de la infección se produce en el aparato reproductor de las mujeres, causando, entre otros problemas, infertilidad. Objetivo: Calcular la incidencia de C. trachomatis detectada por la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) en muestras endocervicales de mujeres en Lages, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, cuantitativo, realizado entre mayo y noviembre de 2017, con recolección de material endocervical de 126 mujeres atendidas en tres unidades básicas de salud y en un consultorio ginecológico. Se evaluaron las muestras de material endocervical para diagnóstico de C. trachomatis mediante la técnica de PCR. Todas las participantes respondieron a un cuestionario estándar del Sistema de Información del Cáncer (Siscan ) antes de la recolección de las muestras. Las pruebas exacta de Fisher y de ji cuadrado fueron utilizadas para evaluar la asociación entre la infección y las variables del cuestionario. Resultados: De las 126 muestras endocervicales, el 39,7% fueron positivas para C. trachomatis. Las participantes tenían edad media de 31,7 años. De las 118 mujeres que no presentaron alteraciones en el cuello uterino, 43 fueron positivas para C. trachomatis, lo que refuerza el carácter asintomático de la infección. No hubo asociación significativa entre la infección endocervical por C. trachomatis y edad, uso de anticonceptivo, fecha del último Papanicolaou y señales de ITS. Conclusión: La incidencia de infección por C. trachomatis en el material endocervical de esas mujeres puede ser considerada alta. Eso muestra la importancia de medidas de aclaración y prevención de esa seria ITS.


RESUMO Introdução: Chlamydia trachomatis é um dos principais agentes causadores de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST) em homens e mulheres, porém, o maior impacto da infecção ocorre no sistema reprodutivo das mulheres, ocasionando, entre outros problemas, infertilidade. Objetivo: Estimar a incidência de C. trachomatis detectadas pela técnica da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) em amostras endocervicais de mulheres em Lages, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal descritivo quantitativo, realizado entre maio e novembro de 2017, com coleta de material endocervical de 126 mulheres atendidas em três unidades básicas de saúde e em um consultório médico ginecológico. As amostras de material endocervical foram avaliadas para diagnóstico de C. trachomatis pela técnica da PCR. Todas as participantes responderam a um questionário padrão do Sistema de Informação do Câncer (SISCAN) antes da coleta das amostras. Teste exato de Fischer e qui-quadrado foram utilizados para avaliar a associação entre a infecção e as variáveis do questionário. Resultados: Das 126 amostras endocervicais, 39,7% foram positivas para C. trachomatis. As participantes tinham idade média de 31,7 anos. Das 118 mulheres que não apresentaram alterações no colo do útero, 43 foram positivas para C. trachomatis, o que reforça o caráter assintomático da infecção. Não houve associação significativa entre a infecção endocervical por C. trachomatis e a idade, o uso de anticoncepcional, o tempo do último exame preventivo e os sinais de IST. Conclusão: A incidência de infecção por C. trachomatis no material endocervical dessas mulheres pode ser considerada elevada. Isso mostra a importância de medidas para esclarecimento e prevenção dessa importante IST.

4.
Clin. biomed. res ; 38(2): 111-115, 2018.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1024805

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Cryptococcus neoformans es un hongo levaduriforme encapsulado, de distribución mundial, principalmente en regiones tropicales, causando infecciones en individuos inmunocomprometidos, sobre todo en los infectados con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (HIV). La capacidad de infección de este hongo es variable, pudiendo citar la facultativa patogenicidad, cápsula con actividad fagocitaria y producción de melanina como antioxidante. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el uso de la PCR/ RFLP para la detección e identificación de C. neoformans directamente del líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) de pacientes ingresados en un hospital público de la ciudad de Lages, Estado de Santa Catarina, sur de Brasil, comparando el resultado con la tinción específica para el hongo y el crecimiento en medio de cultivo. Métodos: Las muestras fueran directamente teñidas con tinta china para observar la cápsula, bien como después sembladas en medio de cultivo (agar dextrosa Sabouraud y agar de Níger) para crecimiento fúngico; también se hizo la extracción del ADN con fenol-cloroformo. La técnica fue utilizada para amplificación del gen URA5 mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) y después con las enzimas de restricción HhaI y Sau96I para genotipaje mediante la PCR-RFLP. Resultados: En dos muestras fueran aislados C. neoformans con la tinción china y amplificados en la PCR, en las cuales fueran identificados como var. grubii. Conclusión: El serotipo A var. grubii es lo más aislado en la criptococosis humana, principalmente en pacientes HIV, pero se desconoce la preferencia de este serotipo por este grupo de enfermos. (AU)


Introduction: Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast with worldwide circulation, predominantly in tropical regions, causing infections in immunocompromised individuals, particularly those infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The virulence of this fungus is variable, and it should be mentioned the facultative pathogenicity, capsule with anti-phagocytic activity, and antioxidant melanin production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/ restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for detection and identification of C. neoformans directly from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients admitted to a public hospital with suspected meningitis and/or meningoencephalitis in the city of Lages, Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Results were compared using Chinese ink and growth media. Methods: The samples were submitted to direct examination with Chinese ink for capsule observation, then to growth on culture media (Sabouraud Agar and Niger), with subsequent DNA extraction with phenol-chloroform. PCR was the technique used for amplification of URA5 gene, and then restriction enzymes HhaI and Sau96I were used for genotyping by PCR-RFLP. Results: In two samples, C. neoformans were isolated by Chinese ink and amplified by PCR. They were identified as serotype var. grubii. Conclusion: C. neoformans var. grubii is the most commonly isolated in human cryptococcosis, mainly in HIV patients. However, the preference of this serotype for this group of patients is unknown. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Adult , Cryptococcosis/cerebrospinal fluid , Cryptococcus neoformans/pathogenicity , Cryptococcosis/diagnosis , Cryptococcosis/microbiology
5.
Rev. MVZ Córdoba ; 21(3): 5316-5327, Dec. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-957312

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of subclinical infection by agents of tick fever in dairy cattle on milk parameters, such as production, composition, and quality. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in a private farm with 75 free-stall-housed dairy cows, from which 37 were evaluated. Monthly, individual milk samples were collected for compositional (fat, lactose, protein, and total solids) and quality (somatic cell counts (SCC)) analyses. In addition, blood samples were collected in order to identify cows that were tick fever-negative and positive by PCR for one or more of the following etiological agents: Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina and Anaplasma marginale. Results. The results showed increased SCC in positive animals for at least one of the agents when compared to non-infected cows (p<0.05). Milk production was significantly lower in A. marginale positive animals (p<0.05). An increase of about 40% in milk solids content was found in B. bovis positive cows. Also, an increment of approximately 23% in lactose was found on cows positives for B. bigemina. Conclusions. We may conclude that the presence of at least one of these parasites in dairy cattle affects composition or quality of their milk.


RESUMEN Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la infección subclínica por agentes de la fiebre por garrapatas en el ganado lechero en producción de leche, la composición y calidad. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó en una finca privada con 75 vacas lecheras alojadas-libre puesto, y de estas se evaluaron 37. Se recogieron muestras de leche individuales mensuales para determinar la composición (grasa, lactosa, proteína y sólidos totales) y la calidad (recuento de células somáticas (SCC)). Además, se recogieron muestras de sangre para identificar vacas que fueron negativas a fiebre de garrapatas y positivos por PCR para uno o más de los siguientes agentes etiológicos: Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina y Anaplasma marginale. Resultados. Los resultados mostraron un aumento de SCC en los animales positivos, al menos para uno de los agentes cuando se comparó con vacas no infectadas (p<0.05). La producción de leche fue significativamente menor en A. marginale animales positivos (p<0.05). Un aumento de aproximadamente el 40% en el contenido de sólidos de la leche fue encontrado en vacas positivas a B. bovis. También, un incremento de aproximadamente el 23% de la lactosa se encontró en vacas positivas para B. bigemina. Conclusiones. Se puede concluir que la presencia de al menos uno de estos parásitos en el ganado lechero afecta composición o calidad de su leche.

6.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-774576

ABSTRACT

This study aims to report the incidence of Calodium hepaticum among dogs and cats, pets or stray animals, captured by the Zoonosis Control Center (CCZ) in Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Fecal samples from 108 pet dogs and eight pet cats, and from 357 stray dogs and 97 stray cats, captured by CCZ, were analyzed within the period from July 2010 to November 2012. Coproparasitological exams were performed by techniques of sedimentation, centrifuge-flotation, and simple flotation. Among 465 fecal samples from dogs and 105 from cats, the overall spurious infections for C. hepaticum eggs were 1.05%. For dogs, this positivity was 0.43% and for cats it was 3.81%. The two positive dogs were stray and out of the four cats, three were stray and one was a pet. Although the occurrence of C. hepaticum eggs was low, these data reveal the existence of infected rodents, especially in public places, since, out of the six infected animals, five (83.33%) were stray. These results are discussed and analyzed with an emphasis on the risk to public health.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Dogs , Female , Male , Capillaria/isolation & purification , Cat Diseases/epidemiology , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Enoplida Infections/veterinary , Feces/parasitology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cat Diseases/diagnosis , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Enoplida Infections/diagnosis , Enoplida Infections/epidemiology , Incidence
7.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 82: 1-7, 2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1025980

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade da água de granjas de postura comercial da região Sul de Santa Catarina e contextualizá-la com o Ofício Circular Conjunto DFIP/DSA nº 1/2008. Em fevereiro de 2012 foram coletadas amostras de água de 31 granjas localizadas nos municípios de São Ludgero, Orleans, Grão Pará e Braço Norte. Os parâmetros químicos e microbiológicos avaliados foram os estabelecidos no anexo II do Oficio Circular Conjunto DFIP/DSA nº 1/2008. Sendo assim foram analisados cloreto, dureza, nitrato, sulfato, pH e sólidos dissolvidos totais (SDT) e Escherichia coli no que se refere à análise bacteriológica. Quantificou-se a adequação das amostras em relação ao Ofício Circular Conjunto DFIP/DSA nº 1/2008 e avaliou-se a qualidade da água de acordo com o tipo de fonte e número de aves em produção por meio da análise de variância. Os resultados indicaram que as águas apresentaram adequação para SDT, cloreto e sulfato. Foi encontrada inadequação nos parâmetros: pH (em 26% das amostras), dureza (6,5%), nitrato (54,8%) e presença de Escherichia coli (46,2%). As análises de acordo com o número de aves e tipo de fonte não apresentaram diferença estatística significativa (p > 0,05). Observaram-se que 93,5% das amostras não se enquadraram em pelo menos um parâmetro. Concluíram-se que as águas das granjas da Região Sul de SC não estão totalmente de acordo com o Ofício Circular Conjunto DFIP/DSA nº 1/2008, apresentando problemas no que se refere ao pH, dureza, nitrato e E. coli; a qualidade da água independe do número de aves em produção e do tipo de fonte que abastece a granja.(AU)


The aim of this study was to evaluate the water quality of laying hen farms in the South of Santa Catarina and contextualize them with the report DFIP/DSA 1/2008. Water samples were collected in February, 2012, from 31 farms located in the cities of São Ludgero, Orleans, Grão Para and Braço Norte. The chemical and microbiological parameters were set out in Attachment II, in the report DFIP/DSA 1/2008. Thus, the following were analyzed: chloride, hardness, nitrate, sulfate, pH and total dissolved solids (TDS) and Escherichia coli regarding the bacteriological analysis. The suitable samples were quantified for the report DFIP/DSA 1/2008 and water quality was evaluated according to the font type and number of birds in production by analysis of variance. The results indicated that water presented suitability to SDT, chloride and sulfate. Inadequacy was found in pH (in 26% of samples), hardness (6.5%), nitrate (54.8%) and the presence of Escherichia coli (46.2%). The analysis according to the number of birds and font type showed no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). It was observed that 93.5% of the samples did not fit in at least one criterion. It is concluded that the waters from farms in the southern region of SC are not fully in accordance with the report DFIP/DSA 1/2008, presenting problems with regard to pH, hardness, nitrate and E. coli; the water quality is independent of the number of birds in production and type of source that supplies the farm.(AU)


Subject(s)
Poultry , Water Quality Criteria , Water Quality Control , Escherichia coli , Biological Phenomena
8.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 32(8): 687-691, ago. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-649504

ABSTRACT

A artrite infecciosa em frangos de corte representa um problema sanitário e econômico de grande impacto, provocando perdas de produtividade e nos processos de produção e industrialização. Os principais agentes etiológicos associados aos casos de artrites e tenossinovites infecciosas em aves são Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) e Orthoreovirus aviario (ARV). Esse trabalho propôs investigar as alterações anatomohistopatológicas causadas pela infecção experimental concomitante por Mycoplasma synoviae e Orthoreovirus aviario em frangos de corte e confirmar a presença dos agentes através das técnicas de PCR e imuno-luorescência indireta (RIFI). Para tal foram utilizados 16 frangos de corte, alojados em cama, com fornecimento de ração e água ad libitum. A infecção experimental foi realizada utilizando amostras atenuadas de MS e de ARV. Clinicamente as aves inoculadas apresentaram apatia e edemaciação da região da articulação tíbiotársica. Após 30 dias procedeu-se a eutanásia e a necropsia das aves. Na análise histopatológica constatou-se o efeito da infecção mista com MS e ARV sobre os diferentes órgãos/tecidos. Todos os animais apresentaram quadro de artrite e tenossinovite caracterizado pela presença de infiltrado inflamatório linfohistiocitário difuso, com acúmulo de heterófilos na cápsula articular/membrana sinovial e tendão flexor digital. Além disso, foi possível observar infiltrado inflamatório na traquéia, nos pulmões e sacos aéreos, no fígado, baço, pericárdio e proventrículo. A utilização da RIFI foi necessária para visualizar a presença de ambos os agentes nas articulações, identificando a presença de antígenos do ARV e do MS. A técnica de PCR constatou positividade do MS na traquéia, pulmões/sacos aéreos, cápsula articular/membrana sinovial e liquido sinovial. Já para o ARV a PCR foi positiva em amostras de fígado, baço, cápsula articular/membrana sinovial e tendão flexor digital. Com base nas lesões observadas e nos dados da literatura, sugere-se a ação concomitante por MS e ARV nos diferentes tecidos.


Infectious arthritis in broiler represents an economic and health problem resulting in severe losses due to retarded growth and down grading at slaughterhouse. The most common agents associated with cases of infectious arthritis in poultry are Mycoplasma synoviae and Avian orthoreovirus. This study proposed to investigate the histopathological changes caused by mixed infection with Mycoplasma synoviae and Avian orthoreovirus in broilers and confirm the presence of the agents through PCR and immunofluorescence assay (IFA). We used 16 broiler chickens, housed in bed, with supply of food and water ad libitum. Ten-day-old broilers were infected with Mycoplasma synoviae and Avian orthoreovirus. Clinically, they showed lethargy and swelling of the hock joint. After 30 days, we proceeded to their euthanasia and necropsy. Histological lesions were observed due to the mixed infection with Mycoplasma synoviae and Avian orthoreovirus in different tissues. The histopathology of the joints was characterized by infiltration of heterophil leucocytes in the synovial membrane and the digital flexor tendon. The inflammatory process was also found in trachea, lungs, air sac, liver, spleen, pericardium and proventriculus. The use of IFA was necessary to verify the presence of both agents in the hock joints, identifying the antigens of Mycoplasma synoviae and Avian orthoreovirus. The presence of M. synoviae was detected by PCR in trachea, lung, air sacs, synovial membrane and synovial fluid. Avian orthoreovirus was detected with PCR in liver, spleen, synovial membrane and digital flexor tendon. In conclusion, this investigation suggests that a synergistic relationship exists between Mycoplasma synoviae and Avian orthoreovirus.


Subject(s)
Animals , Arthritis, Infectious/veterinary , Chickens/anatomy & histology , Necrosis/veterinary , Tenosynovitis/veterinary , Autopsy/veterinary , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect/veterinary
9.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 41(4): 421-423, jul.-ago. 2008. ilus, mapas
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-494503

ABSTRACT

Em resposta a uma denúncia da existência de triatomíneos em uma cabana de pesca as margens do Rio Caveiras no município de São José do Cerrito-SC, foi feita a investigação na cabana e em outros ecótopos vizinhos ao achado inicial. Foram encontrados 15 exemplares de Panstrongylus megistus sendo que nenhum deles encontrava-se infectado. O local do ecótopo é visitado ocasionalmente por capivaras, gambás, tatus e ratos.


In response to complaints of the presence of triatomines in a fishing hut on the banks of the Caveiras river, in the municipality of São José do Cerrito, State of Santa Catarina, an investigation was conducted in this hut and in other ecotopes neighboring the initial finding. Fifteen specimens of Panstrongylus megistus were found and none of them were infected. The locality of this ecotope is visited occasionally by capybaras, opossums, armadillos and rats.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Housing , Insect Vectors , Panstrongylus , Brazil
10.
São Paulo; s.n; 2001. 130 p. ilus, tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-313774

ABSTRACT

A "BETA"-D-galactofuranose é um componente de várias macromoléculas de muitos organismos, incluindo bactérias, protozoários e fungos. Interesssantemente este carboidrato não usual está ausente de glicoconjugados de mamíferos. Um método alternativo foi utilizado para purificar a "BETA"-D-galactofuranosidase utilizando p-nitrofenil-"BETA"-D-galactofuranosideo como substrato. O meio de cultura concentrado do fungo Penicillium fellutanum foi cromatografado em coluna de DEAE-Sepharose CL 6B, seguido de cromatografia em coluna de afinidade de 4-aminofenil-1-tio-"BETA"-D-galactofuranosideo-Sepharose, que permitiu a separação de dois picos com atividade enzimática após a eluição com D-galactônico-"GAMA"-lactona...


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Antibodies , Chagas Disease/immunology , Chagas Disease/metabolism , Chagas Disease/therapy , Enzymes , In Vitro Techniques , Penicillium , Trypanosoma cruzi , Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Enzyme Activation/immunology , Chromatography, Affinity , Culture Media
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